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  3. Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accel

Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accel

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问题     Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accelerating shift of economic activity from Europe and North America to markets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. McKinsey Global Institute research suggests that 400 midsize emerging-market cities, many unfamiliar in the West, will generate nearly 40 percent of global growth over the next 15 years. The International Monetary Fund confirms that the ten fastest-growing economies during the years ahead will all be in emerging markets. Against this backdrop, continuing advances in information and communications technology have made possible new forms of international coordination within global companies and potential new ways for them to flourish in these fast-growing markets.
    There are individual success stories. IBM expects to earn 30 percent of its revenues in emerging markets by 2015, up from 17 percent in 2009. At Unilever, emerging markets make up 56 percent of the business already. And Aditya Birla Group, a multinational conglomerate based in India, now has operations in 40 countries and earns more than half its revenue outside India.
    But, overall, global organizations are struggling to adapt. A year ago, we uncovered a "globalization penalty": high-performing global companies consistently scored lower than more locally focused ones on several dimensions of organizational health. For example, the former were less effective at establishing a shared vision, encouraging innovation, executing "on the ground," and building relationships with governments and business partners. Equally arresting was evidence from colleagues in McKinsey’s strategy practice showing that global companies headquartered in emerging markets have been growing faster than counterparts headquartered in developed ones, even when both are operating on "neutral turf" emerging markets where neither is based (see "Parsing the growth advantage of emerging-market companies").
    Over the past year, we’ve tried to understand more clearly the challenges facing global organizations, as well as approaches that are helping some to thrive. Our work has included surveys and structured interviews with more than 300 executives at 17 of the world’s leading global organizations spanning a diverse range of sectors and geographies, a broader survey of more than 4,600 executives, and time spent working directly with the leaders of dozens of global organizations trying to address these issues.
    Clearly, no single organizational model is best for all companies handling the realities of rapid growth in emerging markets and round-the-clock global communications. That’s partly because the opportunities and challenges facing companies vary, depending on their business models. R&D-intensive companies, for example, are working to staff new research centers in the emerging world and to integrate them with existing operations. Firms focused on extracting natural resources are adapting to regulatory regimes that are evolving rapidly and sometimes becoming more interventionist. Consumer-oriented firms are facing sometimes-conflicting imperatives to tailor their businesses to local needs while maintaining consistent global processes.
What can we learn from the McKinsey Global Institute research?
选项 A、The number of global organizations is declining quickly.
B、Most of African organizations are familiar to the western markets.
C、Emerging markets will contribute much to the global growth.
D、Global organizations face no challenge in European markets.
答案C
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词the McKinsey Global Institute定位至第一段。该段第三句提及，麦肯锡全球研究所研究表明，西方世界并不熟悉的400个中型新兴市场城市在未来的15年内将创造近40％的全球经济增长值，由此可推知C项与此相符，故为正确答案。第一段首句只是提及跨国企业的运作一直是个商业挑战，并未提及其数量的减少，故排除A项；由第一段第三句中“其中大部分不为西方所熟悉”可排除B项；第一段第二句提及，经济活动从欧洲、北美洲向非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲市场加速转移，但并未指出跨国企业在欧洲市场面临的挑战，D项与此不符，故排除。
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