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  3. The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2

The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2

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问题 The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to southern Chile.
选项 A、Columbus was the Incan highway, which, over 2,500 miles long and extending
B、Columbus was the Incan highway, over 2,500 miles in length, which had extended
C、Columbus, the Incan highway, which was over 2,500 miles in length and extended
D、Columbus, the Incan highway, being over 2,500 miles in length, was extended
E、Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long, extending
答案E
解析 Grammatical construction; Verb form
The sentence begins with a long noun phrase the greatest... Columbus, a description that we are told refers to the Incan highway. The sentence also aims to tell us the length of this highway and what regions it passed through. One issue in the sentence concerns correct sentence formation. A related issue concerns the appropriate verb form to be used.
A The formation of the relative clause introduced by which is faulty, mainly because of its present-participle verb form extending. A relative clause giving a correct completion of the sentence would have been which was over 2,500 miles long and extended... Chile.
B This has two flaws present in the phrase which had extended. The relative pronoun which could be read as having the immediately preceding noun length, rather than highway, as its antecedent. Also, the complex verb form had extended, which normally refers to a time preceding a past time mentioned in the sentence, is incorrect here; the simple past extended is needed.
C The passage, if completed with this wording, would lack a main verb and therefore would not be a sentence, as opposed to a very long noun phrase followed by a relative clause.
D A glaring flaw here is use of the passive verb form was extendedinstead of the active and intransitive verb form extended. This conveys an unintended meaning, i.e., that the highway was initially 2,500 miles long but was later made even longer. Another flaw is the unnecessary and awkward use of the participle being.
E Correct. Completing the passage with this wording gives a sentence with the Incan highway as its subject. The noun phrase the greatest... Columbus provides a description of the Incan highway. The participial phrase beginning with extending modifies the sentence subject, thereby providing a further description of the highway.
The correct answer is E.
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