首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it—convicting the guilty and acquitting
How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it—convicting the guilty and acquitting
admin
2013-05-10
38
问题
How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it—convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our "adversarial" system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental "inquisitorial" system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role.
In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by "ordeal"—especially a religious event—was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day.
On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramaticj much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered.
The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, American lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs.
In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better.
Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries’ mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal.
We can infer that American lawyers______.
选项
A、do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases
B、prepare the cases themselves
C、tend to be more passionately involved in their cases
D、tend to approach cases dispassionately
答案
C
解析
从文章的倒数第二段的最后两句话,我们可以推断出与英国的律师不同,美国律师更了解案情;换言之,他们对案件更热衷一些,所以此题答案应当为C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/0Yxd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
IntheUnitedStates,olderpeoplerarelylivewiththeftadultchildren,Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtoca
Peopletravelforalotofreasons.Some-touristsgotoseebattlefieldsofreligiousshrines.Othersarelookingforculture,o
Peopletravelforalotofreasons.Some-touristsgotoseebattlefieldsofreligiousshrines.Othersarelookingforculture,o
TherearesomesocialproblemsintheUnitedStates.Anddrugabusehascometobe【21】______asoneofthemostchallengingsoc
WhichofthefollowingiscoveredinBCDInternationalprograms?
EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimal
OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditin
Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexplainthatthere’sabigdiff
Sailorsandfishermeninparticular,havealwaysbeenextremelysuperstitious.Thisishardlysurprisingwhenoneconsidersthe
Whenwillshowersreachsouth-westEnglandandthesoutherncoastofWales?
随机试题
用离子交换法制备的去离子水,能有效地除去有机物。()
A.黄疸B.肝大C.腹壁静脉曲张D.皮肤紫癜肝硬化失代偿期门脉高压的体征是
女,20岁,系统性红斑狼疮患者,狼疮肾,尿蛋白持续(++),足量糖皮质激素治疗4周无效,应
桥架式起重机包括( )。
Excel允许同时打开()个工作簿,每一工作簿占用()个窗口。
()是以“借”或“贷”为记账符号的一种复式记账方法。
学习迁移产生的客观必要条件是()。
权利和义务互为前提,相辅相成,下列关于法律权利与义务的表述,理解正确的有()
Pentium4微处理器的64前端总线FSB在一个时钟周期内能完成4次数据传送。因而,当FSB的时钟频为1OOMHz时,其数据传输速率为______GB/s。
已知int型变量y的初值是5,但在执行语句"f(y);"后,y的值被改变,因此该语句所调用函数的原型是
最新回复
(
0
)