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  3. Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been

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问题    Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
   Back in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.
   The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950’s and 1960’s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques
   They used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation, and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.
   More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past.
   In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building’s basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.
The author mentions an excavation at the site of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of ________.
选项 A、a building reconstruction project
B、the work of the earliest historical archaeologists
C、a finding that conflicts with written records
D、the kind of information that historians routinely examine
答案C
解析 作者提到在萨克拉门托的一个旅馆的发掘是为了举例说明：A建筑物再建设计；B最初的历史考古学家的工作；C与记录的文献相冲突的发现；D历史学家照常规核查的信息。文章第四段第一，二句话表明；职业考古学家正在提供崭新的视点来反映普通人的生活，而他们的生活通常没有正确的记载。紧接着作者开始在最后一段举出例子证明与记录的文献相冲突的发现。故C是正确选项。
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