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  3. Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their

Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their

admin2011-01-06  92
问题     Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their abilities to survive and reproduce in an environment. The differences in individuals is a result of their genetic inheritance from their parents. In a population, any characteristic which blocks reproduction success tends to decrease generation by generation. In time, the ill-adapted die out. On the other hand,the individuals who do survive and reproduce will tend to produce offspring which are better adapted to the environment. Natural selection tends to promote adaptations that will increase the organism’s ability to survive in an environment.
    Natural selection can serve to stabilize a population if the new traits, called mutations, are eliminated when they appear because they are not as well-adapted to the environment. The opposite effect is obtained when a new trait is introduced which allows individuals to adapt better over time, the species will change as this mutation becomes more widespread in the population. In human beings, increased brain size helped individuals to adapt better, and so brain size increased gradually in the species. Changes in the overall genetic makeup of a population are normal when there are environmental changes, especially sever environmental disruptions. Specialized adaptations to specific environments can lead, over time, to the development of subpopulation of individuals, ones who are better adapted to particular soil conditions food sources and so on. Given enough time, these subpopulations may develop into separate species, such as zebras and horses, living in distinct environments and not interbreeding.  
On the basis of the passage, it would be most reasonable to infer that______.
选项 A、the ancestors of horses and zebras were once members of the same species
B、the greatest biological change occurs in stable environments
C、individuals mutate when they need to adapt to a new environment
D、we can control population size by adapting new traits
答案A
解析 题目询问以下那个推论是正确的。定位于之中末句“给予充分的时间，这些种群可以演化为不同的种类，就像斑马和马一样，居位于不同环境中，且无法相互交配。”
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