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  3. In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first language learners have concentrated on determining the effec

In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first language learners have concentrated on determining the effec

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问题     In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first language
learners have concentrated on determining the effects of strategy training on
different kinds of tasks and learners. Findings from these studies generally
indicated that strategy training is effective in improving the performance of
students on wide range of reading comprehension and problem-solving tasks. (1)______
One of the more important outcome of these psychological studies was the (2)______
formulation of learning strategies in an information-processing theoretical
model.This model contains an executive, or metacognitive, function in addi
tion with an operative, or cognitive-processing, function. Metacognitive (3)______
strategies involve in thinking about the learning process, planning for learn- (4)______
ing, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taken place, (5)______
or self-evaluation after the learning activity has been completed. Cognitive (6)______
strategies are more directly related to individual learning tasks and entail
directly manipulation or transformation of the learning materials. A third (7)______
type of learning strategy identifying in the literature on cognitive psychology (8)______
concern the influence of social and affective processes on learning. Examples (9)______
of social/affective strategies are cooperative learning, where involves peer (10)______
interaction to achieve a common goal in learning, and asking questions for
clarification. Research in metacognitive and cognitive learning strategies sug
gests that transfer of strategy training to new tasks can be maximized by pai
ring metacognitive strategies with appropriate cognitive strategies.
选项
答案or—and
解析 连词混用。此句讲了元认知策略包含的内容，纵览全句，元认知策略包括(学习之前)对学习过程进行 思考、计划；学习过程中对理解和产出进行监控；以及学习过程完成之后的自我评估。发生在学习活动不同阶段的三者是并列关系，所以连接最后一个阶段的活动时，应该使用表示并列关系的连词and，而不是选择关系的or。
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