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  3. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

admin2012-02-27  102
问题     In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic (运动的) molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
    A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory.  If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported.  If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
    Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science anymore than a pile of bricks can be called a house. "
    Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination.  Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses.  For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
In the last paragraph, the author refers to a hypothesis as "a leap into the unknown" in order to show that hypotheses ______.
选项 A、require effort to formulate
B、can lead to dangerous results
C、go beyond available facts
D、are sometimes ill-conceived
答案C
解析 本题是推理题。原文在提到any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown后接着解释it extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts，C选项是对此的合理解释，beyond available facts就等于beyond the known facts，即假定能使科学家的思维越过已经知道的事实。
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