首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection,
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection,
admin
2013-01-28
94
问题
Some rituals of modern domestic living vary little throughout the developed world. One such is the municipal refuse collection, usually once a week, your rubbish bags or the contents of your bin disappear into the bowels of a special lorry and are carted away to the local tip. To economists, this ceremony is peculiar, because in most places it is free. Yes, households pay for the service out of local taxes.【71】Yet the marginal cost of rubbish disposal is not zero at all. The more people throw away, the more rubbish collectors and trucks are needed, and the more the local council has to pay in landfill and tipping fees.
【72】But as Don Fullerton and Thomas Kinnaman, two American economists, have found, this seemingly easy application of economic sense to an everyday problem has surprisingly intricate and sometimes disappointing results. In the past few years several American towns and cities have started charging households for generating rubbish. The commonest system is to sell stickers or tags which householders attach to rubbish bags or cans. Only bags with these labels are picked up in the weekly collection.
In the paper published last year Fullerton and Kinnaman studied the effects of one such scheme, introduced in July 1992 in Charlottesville, Virginia, a town of about 40,000 people. Residents were charged 80 cents for each sticker. This may sound like the sensible use of market forces. In fact, the authors conclude, the scheme’s benefits did not cover the cost of printing stickers, the sticker sellers’ commissions, and the wages of the people running the scheme.【73】
This is inefficient: compacting is done better by machines at landfill sites than by individuals, however enthusiastically. The weight of rubbish collected in Charlottesville fell by a modest 14%.
【74】The one bright spot in all this seems to have been a 15% increase in the weight of materials recycled, suggesting that people chose to recycle free rather than pay to have their refuse carted away. But the fee may have little to do with the growth in recycling, as many citizens were already participating in Charlottesville’s voluntary recycling scheme.
【75】To discourage dumping, for instance, local councils might have to spend more on catching litterers, or raise fines for littering, or cut the price of legitimate rubbish collection.
A. True, the number of bags or cans collected did fall sharply, by 37% between May and September 1992. But rather than buy more tags, people simply crammed more garbage--about 40% more into each container.
B. This looks like the most basic of economic misunderstandings: if rubbish disposal is free, people will produce too much rubbish. The obvious economic solution is to make households pay the marginal cost of disposing of their waste. That will give them an incentive to throw out less and recycle more.
C. City authorities are now considering a project to teach Government waste collectors the skills, such as what rubbish to collect and how to classify it. If approved, the project will help ease the financial burden of the city’s waste treatment.
D. It would be foolish to generalize from this one case, but the moral is clear, economic incentives sometimes produce unforeseen responses.
E. Less pleasing still, some people resorted to illegal dumping rather than pay to have their rubbish removed. This is hard to measure directly. But the authors, ob-serving that a few households in the sample stopped putting rubbish out, guess that illegal dumping may account for 30%-40% of the reduction in collected rubbish.
F. But at the margin the price is zero: the family that fills four bins with rubbish each week pays no more than the elderly couple that fills one.
选项
答案
E
解析
上文提封,在C镇收集的垃圾重量下降了14%,可见它依然在延续上文话题:使用标签的收费方案。符合这一主题的选项有A、B、E。A,B很容易被排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/N31O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Therearegreatcareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduct
Hisofficeis________tothePresident’s;itusuallytakeshimaboutthreeminutestogetthere.
TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23rdhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailh
TheAleuts(阿留申人)werenamedsobyRussians,buttheycallthemselvesUnanganwhichmeans"thepeople."Theyarenativeinhabit
TheAleuts(阿留申人)werenamedsobyRussians,buttheycallthemselvesUnanganwhichmeans"thepeople."Theyarenativeinhabit
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie,butpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey【51】Yet,
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie,butpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey【51】Yet,
Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagenc
WhatMakesa"MillennialMind"?(1)Since1000AD,around30billionpeoplehavebeenbornonourplanet.Thevastmajorityh
A、matterB、issueC、affairD、questionB本题中,matter表示“麻烦事,小事”;issue表示“人们感兴趣的,讨论最多的话题”;affair多指“公众事件或政治事件”;question意为“问题”。根据文意可知B项符合
随机试题
尿毒症患者发生口臭是由于
男,27岁,入院前1天突然出现全身抽搐1次,时间约2分钟,继之患者出现昏迷,血压180/108mmHg,心率62次/min,心前区可闻及心包摩擦音,Balbinski征阴性,血红蛋白52g/L,血小板60×109/L,白细胞3.2×109/L,尿蛋白(++
虚证的病机概念是
A.麻黄碱B.维拉帕米C.氟尿嘧啶D.奥美拉唑E.去甲肾上腺素
电梯的安装、改造、维修,必须由电梯制造单位或者其通过合同委托、同意的依照本条例取得许可的单位进行,()对电梯质量以及安全运行涉及的质量问题负责。
_____人格特征的人,往往追求刺激、新奇,好冒险。【】
给定资料1.近年来,随着国家和地方政府对扶贫攻坚的政策扶持及资金投入力度越来越大,被曝光的涉及扶贫领域的腐败案例不断涌现,扶贫领域俨然已经成为腐败的“重灾区”。扶贫资金被人“惦记”,和其监管难有很大关系。从横向上看,扶贫资金来源过多,多头管理,
设f(x)可导,证明:f(x)的两个零点之间一定有f(x)+f’(x)的零点.
Forthepastfewmonths,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenamuchtalkedabouttopicintheworldsofbothpopcultureandsci
この着物はいかにも日本()柄ですね。
最新回复
(
0
)