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  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by

Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by

admin2014-01-09  19
问题    Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.’
   Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ 11 probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn’t failing you,’ says Schacter, "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed, ’
   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mail- box." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
   Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table--don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
   Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
选项 A、It helps us understand our memory system better.
B、It enables us to recall something from our memory.
C、It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D、It slows down the process of losing our memory.
答案B
解析 根据文章第二段“Encoding is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations．”可以看出“encoding”对人的记忆有很大影响，“failure to encode properly”就会导致混乱状态。所以，[B]符合题意。从文章第二段我们知道“encoding”只是“paying attention to an event”一种特殊方法，而不是用来帮助我们“understand our memory system”的，也不会“expand our memory capacity”，所以， [A]和[C]都不是正确答案。根据第二段的最后一句“Your memory itself isn’t failing you，…Rather，you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed．”可知，“encoding properly”可以提供记忆所需要的信息，而不是减缓记忆衰退的过程，因此，[D]也不是最佳答案。
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