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  3. "Watch out, it’ll hurt for a second." Not only children but also many adults get uneasy when they hear those words from their do

"Watch out, it’ll hurt for a second." Not only children but also many adults get uneasy when they hear those words from their do

admin2022-11-25  131
问题     "Watch out, it’ll hurt for a second." Not only children but also many adults get uneasy when they hear those words from their doctors. And, as soon as the needle touches their skin the piercing pain can be felt very clearly. "After such an experience it is enough to simply imagine a needle at the next vaccination appointment to activate our pain memory," knows Prof. Dr. Thomas Weiss from the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    As the scientist and his team from the Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology could show in a study for the first time it is not only the painful memories and associations that set our pain memory on the alert. "Even verbal stimuli lead to reactions in certain areas of the brain," claims Prof. Weiss. As soon as we hear words like "tormenting," "tiring" or "plaguing," exactly those areas in the brain are being activated which process the corresponding pain. The psychologists from Jena University were able to examine this phenomenon using functional magnetic resonance tomography (fMRT). In their study they investigated how healthy subjects process words associated with experiencing pain. In order to prevent reactions based on a plain negative affect the subjects were also confronted with negatively connotated words like "terrifying," "horrible" or "disgusting" besides the proper pain words.
    "Subject performed two tasks," explains Maria Richter in Weiss’s team. "In a first task, subjects were supposed to imagine situations which correspond to the words," the Jena psychologist says. In a second task, subjects were also reading the words but they were distracted by a puzzle. "In both cases we could observe a clear activation of the pain matrix in the brain by pain-associated words," Maria Richter states. Other negatively connotated words, however, do not activate those regions. Neither for neutrally nor for positively connotated words comparable activity patterns could be examined.
    "These findings show that words alone are capable of activating our pain matrix," underlines Prof. Weiss. To save painful experiences is of biological advantage since it allows us to avoid painful situations in the future which might be dangerous for our lives. "However, our results suggest as well that verbal stimuli have a more important meaning than we have thought so far." For the Jena psychologist the question remains open which role the verbal confrontation with pain plays for chronic pain patients. "They tend to speak a lot about their experiencing of pain to their physician," Maria Richter says. It is possible that those conversations intensify the activity of the pain matrix in the brain and therefore intensify the pain experience.
    And so far it won’t do any harm not to talk too much about pain. Maybe then the next injection will be only half as painful.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.
选项 A、both children and adults find the warning depressing
B、people can feel real pain is felt when hearing pain words
C、a simple setting is enough to activate the pain memory
D、association can set your pain memory on the alert
答案D
解析 根据题干定位到第一段。该段第一二句讲小孩和大人听到医生对于疼痛的警告会感到不安，而且只要想象一下下次接种疫苗的针头就足以激发疼痛记忆。D项“联想可以使你的疼痛记忆警觉起来”与此吻合。由第一段第二句可知，医生的警告会造成病人的不安，A项中的depressing“沮丧的，令人压抑的”与原文的uneasy“不安的”不能等同。第三句说，“当针扎进皮肤时，刺痛感会非常明显”，即真正的疼痛还是等针扎入皮肤才会感觉到，而不是只听到言语就感觉到痛，因此B项意思有偏差。C项中的setting所指不明确，C项只是利用原文的simple，activate，pain memory进行干扰。
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