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  3. In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as an individual; rather, it is diffused through

In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as an individual; rather, it is diffused through

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问题     In the art of the Middle Ages, we never encounter the personality of the artist as an individual; rather, it is diffused through the artistic genius of centuries embodied in the rules of religious art. Art of the Middle Ages is a sacred script, the symbols and meanings of which were well settled. The circular halo placed vertically behind the head signifies sainthood, while the halo impressed with a cross signifies divinity. By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet would have been tantamount to heresy. Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines represent water or the sea. A tree, which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylized leaves, informs us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village; and should an angel be watching from the battlements, that city is thereby identified as Jerusalem. Saint Peter is always depicted with curly hair, a short beard and a tonsure, while Saint Paul always has a bald head and a long beard.
    Through this system, even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries. The artist of the early Renaissance broke with tradition at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, they are scarcely able to avoid insignificance and banality in their religious works; and even when they are great, they are no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed the sacred rules.
All of the following are mentioned in the passage as elements of the sacred script EXCEPT ______.
选项 A、abstract symbols such as lines to represent physical features
B、symbols such as halos and crosses
C、clothing used to characterize individuals
D、symmetrical juxtaposition of figures
答案D
解析 作者在第一段提到了A，用平行线表示水或大海；提到了B，用圆环和十字架表示神性，含蓄地提到了C，用于体现个人特征的衣服。作者在第一段说，根据赤脚，我们可以辨认上帝、天使、耶稣基督及其信徒。但是，艺术家若把圣母玛利亚描绘成光着脚丫的样子，就等于是异端邪说。也就是说，圣母玛利亚应该总是穿着鞋子。没有提到D。
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