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  3. 正规教育的地位 ——2009年英译汉及详解 There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the de

正规教育的地位 ——2009年英译汉及详解 There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the de

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问题 正规教育的地位
——2009年英译汉及详解
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.【F1】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.【F2】Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.【F3】While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.【F4】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
【F5】We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.
【F2】
选项
答案人们只是逐渐才注意到制度的这种副产品，而人们把这种作用视为制度运作的指导性因素则更加缓慢。
解析 本部分考查的重点是：倒装句。 本部分由两个句子组成．也是两个结构相似的倒装句。此处考查的是only作副词放在句首时，主句要倒装的知识点。这里两个句子提前的成分都是gradually，强调的都是循序渐进的过程。第二句中用了“consider…as”的结构，意为“认为…是…”。in引导的介词短语限定了factor的应用范围。
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考研英语一

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