首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2014-05-20
119
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism(rules made by authorities must be obeyed)and imminent justice(if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven; do thev recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five-year-olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would have different views on the points that______.
选项
A、the kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit
B、the justifications children recognize for mitigating punishment for harmful acts
C、the age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm
D、the circumstances under which children commit harmful acts
答案
C
解析
细节题。两位学者的观点在第一段:Piaget认为七岁以下儿童不会对伤害自己或他人的行为做道德判断,而Keasey认为六岁儿童开始对伤害自己或他人的行为做出道德判断。由此可知,两个心理学家在儿童区分有意伤害和无意伤害的年龄问题上观点不一,故选[C]。[A]、[B]和[D]均不符合题意,故应排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/13O4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegun,onethatinvolvesthe【1】oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyo
Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbegun,onethatinvolvesthe【1】oflifeatafundamentallevel-thegene.Thestudyo
Theeffectofthebabyboomontheschoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationinthe
Theeffectofthebabyboomontheschoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationinthe
Inalmosteveryvocation,collegestudentsaresupposedtoundertakesuchactivitiesasofferingtheirknowledgetothosewhone
Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!(41)______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonste
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonIns
Thatboysandgirls—andmenandwomen—areprogrammedbyevolutiontobehavedifferentlyfromoneanotherisnowwidelyaccepted.
Recently,thenewshasbeenfilledwithreportsofthe"birdflu".46.Asiaisonaregion-widehealthalert,withgovernments
随机试题
属于阿片受体部分激动剂的药物是:
梗死灶呈节段性的器官是
A.氢氧化钙制剂B.复合树脂C.磷酸锌水门汀D.玻璃离子水门汀E.氧化锌丁香油糊剂乳尖牙唇面龋洞可选用
一般不能用于脑肿瘤“阳性”显像的显像剂是
妊娠合并病毒肝炎,妊娠及分娩期的正确处理是:
婚前医学检查的服务内容是()。
下列各项定额中,不属于按照专业性质划分的是()。
观察力是人生必须具备的能力,结合自身经历谈谈你对这句话的体会。
狐狸发现一个山洞里有很多葡萄,但由于太胖进不去.所以饿了三天。瘦了一大圈才进去。在里面吃饱了。可由于长胖了出不来。饿了三天才出来。谈谈你对这则寓言的理解。
幸福指数,似乎成了近来很多国家在GDP以外的更高层次追求。一些国家很花______地要将幸福感固化为一项政策指标,甚至写进宪法。尽管全世界的民众都愿意从心底相信,将幸福感纳入国策的轨道,真是一个英明的决策,可在现实中,任何一国______的“幸福计划”都遭
最新回复
(
0
)