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  3. (1) Are comfort shoes always more healthful? Not necessarily, according to some foot doctors. Buying shoes from a store speciali

(1) Are comfort shoes always more healthful? Not necessarily, according to some foot doctors. Buying shoes from a store speciali

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问题    (1) Are comfort shoes always more healthful? Not necessarily, according to some foot doctors. Buying shoes from a store specializing in comfort shoes doesn’t guarantee that they will be comfortable or good for you.
   (2) What makes a shoe a "comfort shoe"? Generally speaking, it means cushioning under the foot and supportive features such as arch support. Birkenstock sandals, another comfort line, have a molded foot bed with an indented heel cup and a bump under the forefoot—the metatarsal pad, which deflects pressure away from the ball of the foot. "They’re a really comfortable choice for many people," says Erika Schwartz, a foot specialist with DC Foot and Ankle. But for others, not so much. You know what they say about if the shoe fits—well, not all comfort shoes are comfortable or healthy for every foot. A small study of people with knee problems found that walking in clogs and so-called stability shoes was harder on the knees than walking barefoot or in flipflops. This suggests that certain supportive shoes can alter your manner of walking in a way that’s unhealthy for joints above the ankle, at least temporarily and in people with arthritis.
   (3) " What are the best shoes to wear? I hear this question 20 times a day," says Selene Parekh, a surgeon at Duke University Health System. Parekh says to look for a shoe that’s supportive and comfortable for you. That may not mean spending nearly $200 on a pair of loafers marketed to fit what one shoemaker calls the "anatomical footbed. " If you are having foot problems, the best thing to do is figure out the type of foot you have and how you walk. Do you pronate—rotate your foot so that the inner edge of the sole bears the bulk of your weight? How high or how flat are your arches? When a patient comes in with foot pain, Parekh looks at the wear pattern on her shoes. If the inner part of the sole is worn, he’ll look for flat feet overloading that area. Outer-sole wear may indicate high arches. More wear on the heel or under the ball of the foot can show whether a person is a heel-striker or a forefoot-striker when he walks. These wear patterns are not problems in and of themselves. "If you don’t have pain, your walking pattern is fine," Parekh says. If you do have pain, a foot expert—either a foot and ankle orthopedic surgeon or a foot expert—can help you understand shoe features to look for and to avoid. For example, if you have painful swellings, you want to look for a more box-shaped toe, Parekh says, " to not compress that part of the foot. "
   (4) What about minimalist shoes, designed to honor the form and function of the foot? They are the contrary of the comfort shoe: Advocates say that cushioned supportive shoes encourage runners to land on their heels, which can lead to bad form and chronic injury. However, minimalist shoes are not right for everyone. "We’ve seen enough patients with Achilles tendon issues and stress fractures from running in these," Schwartz says. And whether the purported benefits hold true for walking and standing has not been nearly as well studied.
   (5) People with high arches are more likely than flat-foot types to roll an ankle in clogs, Schwartz says. That’s because arch height can affect which part of your foot bears the most weight as you walk. Properly aligned ankles sit directly over the heels. Feet are pronated when the heels tilt out from the body and the ankles roll in— picture young children on ice skates—a characteristic that is often linked to flat feet. When heels tilt in and the ankles roll out, the feet are supinated; this often occurs with very high arches.
   (6) An orthotic insert that raise the outer edge of the foot can help stabilize a supinated foot within the clog, Schwartz says. Orthotic inserts, whether purchased at the drugstore or custom-made, are designed to correct the alignment of the foot and ankle, which helps maintain proper positioning of the knees and hips and even the lower back. Clinical studies of orthotics demonstrate their usefulness in many serious foot problems, such as diabetic neuropathy. For the rest of us, with more everyday aches and pains of life on our feet, there’s less applicable research. A 2008 review of research on easing foot pain found one small study in which custom orthotics helped people with high-arch, supinated feet. For other conditions, such as swellings, the evidence was equivocal. Foot experts recommend shopping at shoe stores with experienced staff who take the time to do a good fitting. Schwartz sends her patients to high-end running shoe stores with a description of what to look for and what to avoid.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Birkenstock sandals?
选项 A、Not everybody feels they are comfortable shoes.
B、They may do damage to some people’s knees.
C、They make comfort as one of the goals in designing.
D、They can help people form a good habit of walking.
答案D
解析 细节题。第二段开头问到“是什么让鞋子‘舒适’?”接下来，文章将Birkenstock的鞋子当作例子来说明舒适的鞋子是什么样子的，因此可以推断，在设计过程中，该品牌的鞋子是将舒适作为设计理念的，故排除[C]。文章说对于很多人来说，Birkenstock的鞋子都是真正舒适的选择，但对于其他人来说，Birkenstock凉鞋却并不怎么合适，故排除[A]；第二段倒数第二句中提到，有时光脚或是穿平底人字拖鞋对膝盖的损伤甚至比所谓的稳定型跑鞋要小，可见Birkenstock凉鞋会对膝盖造成损伤，故排除[B]；文章没有提到Birkenstock鞋子可以帮助人们养成良好的走路习惯，故答案为[D]。
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