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  3. The global humanitarian system is under "unprecedented strain"—with reactions to crises such as the threat of famine coming too

The global humanitarian system is under "unprecedented strain"—with reactions to crises such as the threat of famine coming too

admin2022-01-18  81
问题     The global humanitarian system is under "unprecedented strain"—with reactions to crises such as the threat of famine coming too late, according to David Miliband, head of the humanitarian relief group the International Rescue Committee.
    Citing fresh figures showing that the 2017 humanitarian appeal for the crisis facing Somalia had achieved just 0. 4% of the $863. 5m requested last month, the former UK foreign secretary said that rather than intervening early, the world was in grave danger of repeating the mistakes of the past when famine hits. Miliband was speaking as other figures from the humanitarian community warned that famine is looming in four different countries, threatening unprecedented levels of hunger.
    Asked about the slow response of donors—not just to Somalia but to the appeals for Yemen, Nigeria and South Sudan—he said: " Overseas aid has not kept pace with the growing challenge of fragile states and displacement. The UK actually has a very proud record, but too many other governments have not been able to increase their funding and they fund on a very fragmented and reactive basis. One of the challenges of the international humanitarian system is to move on to a much more strategic, coordinated basis that would be a more proactive and pre-emptive basis of funding. "
    As conflicts prevented aid getting to those in need in at least three of the four looming famine areas, and particularly in South Sudan where aid workers complain of being denied access, Miliband said there was a need for what he described as "muscular diplomacy" (强力外交). "Peacemaking and diplomacy are at an absolute premium. Obviously the military context is very important, the security framework is very important, but what I see in somewhere like South Sudan is a desperate need for an effective political and diplomatic process," he added.
    On reports that the Trump administration is preparing to order sweeping cuts in funding to the UN and other global bodies, he said: " Obviously we have all read the draft executive order that went around, but it has not yet been issued and I hope that means there is serious inter-agency thought—involving the defence department and state department too—about the importance of the US contribution to the UN. "
    Miliband, who backed the review being undertaken by the new UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, added. " Far from walking away from support for the UN, now is the time to build up support for multilateral institutions. Some parts of the UN work life-savingly well and I think it’s important to acknowledge that. In other ways the humanitarian aid system needs more than just more aid. It needs to be about better aid. "
Which of the following is closest in meaning to "proactive and pre-emptive" (Line 6, Para. 3) ?
选项 A、Taking the initiative.
B、Building sound systems.
C、Making full preparations.
D、Being inter-connected.
答案A
解析 由题干中的“proactive and preemptive”和(Line 6，Para．3)定位至第三段最后一行语义理解题。第三段首先指出，太多的政府未能增加其筹款，并且其筹资基础十分薄弱与被动，而本句是针对这种情况提出的对策，故作者所提议建立的筹资基础一定与上文所说的特点相反，可知proactive and pre-emptive有“主动、前瞻”的意思，故答案为A)。
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