2. 外语
  3. Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-r

Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-r

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问题 Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-road friction can waste up to five percent of car fuel by underinflation.
选项 A、Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-road friction can waste up to five percent of car fuel by underinflation.
B、Because the underinflation of tires can waste up to five percent of a car’s fuel by increasing car-road friction, car owners can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency by properly inflating the tires.
C、Their vehicles’ fuel efficiency is substantially boosted by car owners through the proper inflation of tires that, when underinflated, can waste up to five percent of car fuel by an increase in car-road friction.
D、The proper inflation of tires by car owners, due to the fact that underinflation can waste up to five percent of a car’s fuel by the increase of car-road friction, can substantially boost their fuel efficiency.
E、Because up to five percent of a car’s fuel are wasted through the increases in car-road friction when the tires are underinflated, car owners properly inflating tires can substantially boost their fuel efficiency.
答案B
解析 本句大意是：车胎充足了气，就会提高其汽油利用效率；而当车胎充气不足时，就会由于摩擦力增加而浪费5％的汽油。A从意思和表达上无太大问题，B也可以。但C、E中，在有明显的动作执行者car owners的情况下用被动语态，这违背了主动优先原则。另外，E中还有一明显错误：主谓不一致。在five percent of a car’s fuel are中，fuel是不可数名词，应对应is。D有一致命错误：句末的their指代有问题，在their之前出现过两个复数名词tires和carowners，但没有一个能和fuel efficiency匹配，该their应指代cars。另外，the increase of car-roadfriction的表达不符合习惯，应用the increase in the car-road friction。在比较A、B之前，先补充一点关于by的用法。在GMAT中，by有三种用法：(1)by+时间状语，表“在…之前”；(2)by+动名词，表动作的方式；(3)by+名词，表明该名词是前面动作或行为的执行者，如thepollution of water by landfills and the pollution of air by incinerators和a strike by the transportationunion。在A中，by underinflation从语法上讲，应是前面“浪费5％的汽油”的动作执行者，但实际上，该动作已有主语：the increase in car-road friction，而同一动作显然不可能有两个动作执行者，所以A错。顺便提一下，C中的by an increase in car-road friction也犯了同样的错误。B的结构清晰：原因状语从句在前，结果在后；their(car owners)指代明确且直接，用两个by+动名词结构表明了动作的方式，反映了句意。
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